Marshall made the effort to fly to Scotland immediately after City's opening Championship fixture with Sheffield Utd on Sunday but he was ruled unfit and returned back to Cardiff on Monday.
"If David plays for Cardiff in midweek I don't think he will be back in the Scotland squad," Levein warned.
"He's had this elbow problem for weeks and, in my opinion as well as that of the medical team, he's not fit to play on Wednesday.
Scotland career over if Marshall faces Burton
"To be fair to him, he arrived off a flight at ten on Sunday night and went back down first thing in the morning.
Levein, talking to The Sun, continued
Levein, talking to The Sun, continued
"I was pleased he made the effort to come and the same goes for Graham Dorrans, who joined up to be assessed then went home.
"We have to put some sort of rules in place. If you are playing in a game just before a call-up and you get an injury I'm sure it's right that you turn up and let the national doctor assess you.
"That's what has happened here and clubs have played fair with me.
"I just want to get this idea across that if you're injured I'd still like them to come up and be with the squad, even just for a night. We don't get together often enough to pass these chances up."
With City able to register Tom Heaton there's little doubt it will be the former Man Utd keeper between the sticks on Wednesday night with Marshall possibly trying to be fit for the weekend.
With City able to register Tom Heaton there's little doubt it will be the former Man Utd keeper between the sticks on Wednesday night with Marshall possibly trying to be fit for the weekend.